MR. KUNSTLER: Will you state your full name, please?
THE WITNESS: Philip David Ochs.
MR. KUNSTLER: What is your occupation?
THE WITNESS: I am a singer, a folksinger.
MR. KUNSTLER: Now, Mr. Ochs, can you indicate what kind of songs you sing?
THE WITNESS: I write all my own songs and they are just simple melodies with a lot of lyrics. They usually have to do with current events and what is going on in the news. You can call them topical songs, songs about the news, and then developing into more philosophical songs later.
MR. KUNSTLER: Now, Mr. Ochs, did there ever come a time when you met any of the defendants at this table?
THE WITNESS: Yes. I met Jerry Rubin in 1964 when he was organizing one of the first teach-ins against the war in Vietnam in Berkeley. He called me up. He asked me to come and sing.
MR. KUNSTLER: Now did you have any occasion after that to receive another such call from Mr. Rubin?
THE WITNESS: I met him a few times later in regard to other political actions. I met him in Washington at the march they had at the Pentagon incident, at the big rally before the Pentagon
.
MR. KUNSTLER: Now, Mr. Ochs, have you ever been associated with what is called the Youth International Party, or, as we will say, the Yippies?
THE WITNESS: Yes. I helped design the party, formulate the idea of what Yippie was going to be, in the early part of 1968.
MR. KUNSTLER: Can you indicate to the Court and jury what Yippie was going to be, what its purpose was for its formation?
THE WITNESS: The idea of Yippie was to be a form of theater politics, theatrically dealing with what seemed to be an increasingly absurd world and trying to deal with it in other than just on a straight moral level. They wanted to be able to act out fantasies in the street to communicate their feelings to the public.
MR. KUNSTLER: Now, were any of the defendants at the table involved in the formation of the Yippies?
THE WITNESS: Yes, Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman.
MR. KUNSTLER: Can you just point to and identify which one is Jerry Rubin and which one is Abbie Hoffman?
THE WITNESS: Yes, Jerry Rubin with the headband and Abbie Hoffman with the smile.
MR. KUNSTLER: Can you indicate in general to the Court and jury what the plans were for the Yippies in Chicago during the Democratic National Convention?
THE WITNESS: The plans were essentially--
MR. FORAN: I object.
THE COURT: I sustain the objection.
MR. KUNSTLER: Your Honor, one of the central roles in this case is the Yippie participation around the Democratic National Convention.
THE COURT: I don't see that allegation in the indictment.
MR. KUNSTLER: Well, the indictment charges these two men with certain acts in connection with the Democratic National Convention.
THE COURT: These two men and others, but not as Yippies, so-called, but-- as individuals.
MR. KUNSTLER: All right, your Honor, I will rephrase the question. Did there come a time when Jerry and Abbie discussed their plans?
THE WITNESS: Yes, they did, around the middle of January at Jerry's. Present there, besides Abbie and Jerry, I believe, was Paul Krassner and Ed Sanders. Tim Leary was there at one point.
MR. KUNSTLER: Can you tell the conversation from Jerry and Abbie, as to their plans in coming to Chicago around the Democratic National Convention?
THE WITNESS: OK. Jerry Rubin planned to have a Festival of Life during the National Convention, basically representing an alternate culture. They would theoretically sort of spoof the Convention and show the public, the media, that the Convention was not to be taken seriously because it wasn't fair, and wasn't going to be honest, and wasn't going to be a democratic convention. They discussed getting permits. They discussed flying to Chicago to talk with Mayor Daley. They several times mentioned they wanted to avoid violence. They went out of their way on many different occasions to talk with the Mayor or anybody who could help them avoid violence--
MR. KUNSTLER: Now, Mr. Ochs, do you know what guerrilla theater is?
THE WITNESS: Guerrilla theater creates theatrical metaphors for what is going on in the world outside.
For example, a guerrilla theater might do, let us say, a skit on the Viet Cong, it might act out a scene on a public street or in a public park where some actually play the Viet Cong, some actually play American soldiers, and they will dramatize an event, basically create a metaphor, an image, usually involving humor, usually involving a dramatic scene, and usually very short. This isn't a play with the theme built up. It's just short skits, essentially.
MR. KUNSTLER: Did Jerry Rubin or Abbie Hoffman ask you to do anything at any time?
MR. FORAN: I object to that.
THE COURT: I sustain the objection.
MR. FORAN: I object to it as leading and suggestive.
MR. KUNSTLER: Did you have any discussion with Abbie and Jerry about your role?
THE WITNESS: Yes. In early February at Abbie's apartment.
MR. KUNSTLER: Can you state what Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin said to you and what you said to them?
THE WITNESS: They discussed my singing at the Festival of Life. They asked me to contact other performers to come and sing at the Festival. I talked to Paul Simon of Simon and Garfunkel. I believe I talked with Judy Collins.
MR. KUNSTLER: Did there come a time, Mr. Ochs, when you came to Chicago in 1968?
THE WITNESS: I came campaigning for Eugene McCarthy on M-Day, which I believe was August 15, at the Lindy Opera House, I believe.
MR. KUNSTLER: After you arrived in Chicago did you have any discussion with Jerry?
THE WITNESS: Yes, I did. We discussed the nomination of a pig for President.
MR. KUNSTLER: Would you state what you said and what Jerry said.
THE WITNESS: We discussed the details. We discussed going out to the countryside around Chicago and buying a pig from a farmer and bringing him into the city for the purposes of his nominating speech.
MR. KUNSTLER: Did you have any role yourself in that?
THE WITNESS: Yes, I helped select the pig, and I paid for him.
MR. KUNSTLER: Now, did you find a pig at once when you went out?
THE WITNESS: No, it was very difficult. We stopped at several farms and asked where the pigs were.
MR. KUNSTLER: None of the farmers referred you to the police station, did they?
THE WITNESS: No.
MR. FORAN: Objection.
THE COURT: I sustain the objection.
MR. KUNSTLER: Mr. Ochs, can you describe the pig which was finally bought?
MR. FORAN: Objection.
THE COURT: I sustain the objection.
MR. KUNSTLER: Would you state what, if anything, happened to the pig?
THE WITNESS: The pig was arrested with seven people.
MR. KUNSTLER: When did that take place?
THE WITNESS: This took place on the morning of August 23, at the Civic Center underneath the Picasso sculpture.
MR. KUNSTLER: Who were those seven people?
THE WITNESS: Jerry Rubin. Stew Albert, Wolfe Lowenthal, myself is four; I am not sure of the names of the other three.
MR. KUNSTLER: What were you doing when you were arrested?
THE WITNESS: We were arrested announcing the pig's candidacy for President.
MR. KUNSTLER: Did Jerry Rubin speak?
THE WITNESS: Yes, Jerry Rubin was reading a prepared speech for the pig---the opening sentence was something like, "I, Pigasus, hereby announce my candidacy for the Presidency of the United States." He was interrupted in his talk by the police who arrested us.
MR. KUNSTLER: What was the pig doing during this announcement?
MR. FORAN: Objection.
MR. KUNSTLER: Do you remember what you were charged with?
THE WITNESS: I believe the original charge mentioned was something about an old Chicago law about bringing livestock into the city, or disturbing the peace, or disorderly conduct, and when it came time for the trial, I believe the charge was disorderly conduct.
MR. KUNSTLER: Were you informed by an officer that the pig had squealed on you?
MR. FORAN: Objection. I ask it be stricken.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
THE COURT: I sustain the objection. When an objection is made do not answer until the Court has ruled. . .
* * * * * *
MR. KUNSTLER: Now, I call your attention to Sunday, August 25, 1968. Did you have any occasion to see Jerry Rubin?
THE WITNESS: Well, ultimately I saw him at his apartment in Old Town that night.
MR. KUNSTLER: Do you remember approximately what time that was?
THE WITNESS: I guess it was around, maybe, 9:30 approximately 9:30, 10:00. He was laying in bed. He said he was very ill. He was very pale. We had agreed to go to Lincoln Park that night, and so I said, "I hope You are still going to Lincoln Park." He said, "I don't know if I can make it, I seem to he very ill." I cajoled him, and I said, I said, "Come on. you're one of the Yippies. You can't not go to Lincoln Park." He said, "OK," and he got up, and he went to Lincoln Park with me, and I believe Nancy, his girlfriend, and my girlfriend Karen, the four of us walked from his apartment to Lincoln Park.
MR. KUNSTLER: And did you enter the park?
THE WITNESS: Just the outskirts, I mean we basically stood in front of the Lincoln Hotel, and walked across the street from the Lincoln Hotel and stood in the outskirts of the park.
MR. KUNSTLER: Now, did there come a time when people began to leave Lincoln Park?
THE WITNESS: Yes, I guess it was around eleven o'clock at night.
MR. KUNSTLER: What did you do at that time?
THE WITNESS: Continued standing there. We stood there and watched them run right at us, as a matter of fact.
MR. KUNSTLER: Who was with you at this time?
THE WITNESS: The same people I mentioned before.
MR. KUNSTLER: Had you been together continuously since You first left the apartment?
THE WITNESS: Continuously.
MR. KUNSTLER: And from the time you left the apartment to this time, did you see Jerry Rubin wearing a helmet at any time?
THE WITNESS: No.
MR. KUNSTLER: By the way, how long have you known Jerry Rubin?
THE WITNESS: I have known Jerry Rubin approximately four years.
MR. KUNSTLER: Have you ever seen him smoke a cigarette?
THE WITNESS: No.
MR. KUNSTLER: Mr. Ochs, you said there came a time when you left the area. Where did you go?
THE WITNESS: We walked through the streets following the crowd.
MR. KUNSTLER: And can you describe what you saw as you followed the crowd?
THE WITNESS: They were just chaotic and sort of unformed, and people just continued away from the park and just seemed to move, I think toward the commercial area of Old Town where the nightclubs are and then police Clubs were there too, and it was just a flurry of movement of people all kinds of ways.
MR. SCHULTZ: If the Court please, the witness was asked what he observed and that was not responsive to the question. If you would simply tell the witness to listen carefully to the question so he can answer the questions.
THE COURT: I did that this morning. You are a singer but you are a smart fellow, I am sure.
THE WITNESS: Thank you very much. You are a judge and you are a smart fellow.
THE COURT: I must ask you to listen carefully to the questions of the lawyer and answer the question. Answer the questions; do not go beyond them.
MR. KUNSTLER: At any time, did you see Jerry Rubin enter Lincoln Park?
THE WITNESS: No.
MR. KUNSTLER: Now, Mr. Ochs, I call your attention to sometime in the vicinity of 6:00 p.m. Tuesday, August 27. Did you see Jerry Rubin?
THE WITNESS: Yes, in Lincoln Park. He asked me to come and sing at a meeting.
MR. KUNSTLER: Do you know what time approximately you sang after arriving there, how long after arriving there?
THE WITNESS: Approximately a half-hour.
MR. KUNSTLER: Was anything happening in that half-hour while you were there?
THE WITNESS: Bobby Seale was speaking.
MR. KUNSTLER: Did Jerry Rubin speak at all?
THE WITNESS: Yes, after I sang.
MR. KUNSTLER: Did you sing a song that day?
THE WITNESS: Yes, "I Ain't Marching Anymore."
MR. KUNSTLER: Did you sing at anybody's request?
THE WITNESS: At Jerry Rubin's request. .
MR. KUNSTLER: I am showing you what has been marked at D-147 for identification and I ask you if you can identify that exhibit.
THE WITNESS: This is the guitar I played "I Ain't Marching Anymore" on.
THE COURT: How can you tell? You haven't even looked at it.
THE WITNESS: It is my case.
THE COURT: Are you sure the guitar is in there?
THE WITNESS: I am checking.
MR. KUNSTLER: Open it up, Mr. Ochs, and see whether that is your guitar,
THE WITNESS: That is it, that is it.
MR. KUNSTLER: Now, would you stand and sing that song so the jury can hear the song that the audience heard that day?
MR. SCHULTZ: If the Court please, this is a trial in the Federal District Court. It is not a theater. We don't have to sit and listen to the witness sing a song. Let's get on with the trial. I object.
MR. KUNSTLER: Your Honor, this is definitely an issue in the case. Jerry Rubin has asked for a particular song to be sung. What the witness sang to the audience reflects both on Jerry Rubin's intent and on the mood of the crowd.
THE COURT: I sustain the objection.
MR. KUNSTLER: Your Honor, he is prepared to sing it exactly as he sang it on that day,
THE COURT: I am not prepared to listen, Mr. Kunstler.
MR. KUNSTLER: Do you recall how long after you sang in Lincoln Park that you were somewhere else?
THE WITNESS: I arrived at the next place around seven-thirty, quarter to eight at the Coliseum.
MR. KUNSTLER: Were any of the defendants present at that time?
THE WITNESS: Abbie Hoffman was there, and I do not remember if Jerry Rubin was there.
MR. KUNSTLER: Where did you see Abbie Hoffman first that night at the Coliseum?
THE WITNESS: When he raced in front of me on the stage when I was introduced to Ed Sanders. He said, "Here's Phil Ochs," and as I walked forward, Abbie Hoffman raced in front of me and took the microphone and proceeded to give a speech. I was upstaged by Abbie Hoffman.
MR. KUNSTLER: At the time when you first saw Abbie Hoffman there that night, can you approximate as best you can the time it was when you first saw him take the microphone?
THE WITNESS: Approximately 8:30.
MR. KUNSTLER: Your Honor, I have no further questions.
* * * * * *
MR. SCHULTZ: You were at the Bandshell, were you not?
THE WITNESS: Yes.
MR. SCHULTZ: What time did you arrive at the Bandshell?
THE WITNESS: I don't remember. I'd guess it was around three or after in the afternoon.
MR. FORAN: You seem to have a little trouble with time. Do you carry a watch with you?
THE WITNESS: Just lately.
MR. FORAN: As a matter of fact, when it comes to time during that week, it is pretty much of a guess, isn't it?
THE WITNESS: I guess so.
MR. FORAN: And the time you arrived at the Coliseum it was 9:00 or 9:30, isn't that right? Or at 6:00 or 6:30?
THE WITNESS: No, because the normal opening time of the shows was around 8:00 and I think the show was starting when I got there. That is a safer guess than the other time.
MR. FORAN: It is still a guess though, isn't it?
THE WITNESS: Yes, it is a guess.
MR. SCHULTZ: And now you say at the Coliseum, Abbie Hoffman upstaged you, is that right?
THE WITNESS: Yes. I was walking toward the microphone and he raced in front of me.
MR. SCHULTZ: And he led the crowd in a chant of "Fuck LBJ" didn't he?
THE WITNESS: Yes, yes, I think he did.
MR. SCHULTZ: You didn't remember that on direct examination very well, didn't you?
THE WITNESS: I guess not.
MR. SCHULTZ: Abbie Hoffman is a friend of yours, isn't he?
THE WITNESS: Yes and no.
MR. SCHULTZ: Now in your plans for Chicago, did you plan for public fornication in the park?
THE WITNESS: I didn't.
MR. SCHULTZ: In your discussions with either Rubin or Hoffman did you plan for public fornication in the park?
THE WITNESS: No, we did not seriously sit down and plan public fornication in the park.
MR. SCHULTZ: Did Rubin say at any of these meetings that you must cause disruptions during the Convention and on through Election Day, mass disruptions?
THE WITNESS: No.
MR. SCHULTZ: Was there any discussion when you were planning your Yippie programs by either Rubin or Hoffman of going into the downtown area and taking over hotels for sleeping space?
THE WITNESS: No.
MR. SCHULTZ: Did the defendant Rubin during your planning discussion tell you if he ever had the opportunity and at one of his earliest opportunities he would, when he found some policemen who were isolated in the park, draw a crowd around him and bring the crowd to the policemen and attack the policemen with rocks and stones and bottles, and shout profanities at the policemen, tell them to take off their guns and fight? Did he ever say he was going to do that?
THE WITNESS: No, he didn't, Mr. Schultz.
MR. SCHULTZ: Now, Mr. Ochs, you say that on Sunday night you were with Mr. Rubin all night, is that right?
THE WITNESS: From 9:30 maybe, until after 12:00.
MR. SCHULTZ: And of course you have been told by somebody that there is evidence that Mr. Rubin was in Lincoln Park that night, isn't that right? Well, were you told, or not?
THE WITNESS: Yes.
MR. SCHULTZ: Were you told that somebody saw him with a cigarette in his hand?
THE WITNESS: No, I was not told that.
MR. SCHULTZ: Well, what were you told, please?
THE WITNESS: I was told very little. I was told that Jerry was accused of something
MR. SCHULTZ: Who told you all these things?
THE WITNESS: Mr. Kunstler told me the one thing, not all these things, something that Jerry was accused of something in the park on Sunday night, and that's all I was told, nothing else.
MR. SCHULTZ: You don't want to get Mr. Kunstler into trouble, do you?
MR. KUNSTLER: Your Honor, first of all--
MR. SCHULTZ: Suddenly he backs off--suddenly he backs off. It is all too patent, your Honor.
THE COURT: Will the record show that Mr. Kunstler--
MR. KUNSTLER: Yes, I did, your Honor, I think it is a disgraceful statement in front of a jury.
THE COURT: --threw a block of papers noisily to the floor.
MR. KUNSTLER: All right. I dropped papers noisily to the floor.
THE COURT: I shall not hear from you in that tone, sir.
MR. KUNSTLER: I am sorry for putting the paper on the table, and it fell off onto the floor, but to say in front of a jury, "That is too patent" and "What are you backing off for?" I think, your Honor, any Court in the land would hold that is unconscionable conduct, and if I am angry, I think I am righteously so in this instance.
THE COURT: That will be all.
Continue with your cross-examination.
MR. SCHULTZ: In any event, Mr. Ochs, you are absolutely sure you never really went beyond the fringes of the park with Jerry Rubin that night, isn't that right?
THE WITNESS: Yes.
MR. SCHULTZ: You just stood right along the fringes all that night, you never went in to see what was happening at the command post, did you?
THE WITNESS: No.
MR. SCHULTZ: You never walked in to see what was happening at the fieldhouse, did you?
THE WITNESS: No.
MR. SCHULTZ: That is all, your Honor.
THE COURT: You may step down.
(witness excused)
THE COURT: Don't forget your guitar.
THE WITNESS: I won't.
THE COURT: Call your next witness.